Once A Sinner, But God Redeemed Me.

Hahas

2010-04-18T01:27:00.000-07:00

When I See Pictures Of Us, Its Not Only Memories I See, I See Love.

The Reason

2010-04-01T10:33:00.001-07:00

Holding On Despite Not Being Able To Hold On Anymore, Because Of The Simplest Reason, He Loves Me. Thank You Lord.

Thoughts

2010-03-30T09:39:00.000-07:00

The People That Are Really Gonna Be There For You At The End Are Those Who Really Loves You, Not Those Who Claim They Love You.

To Kelvin

2010-01-22T09:41:00.000-08:00

Had Fun Yesterday, Under The Starry Skies And Smiley Moon. The Whole Atmosphere During That Sleepless Night Was Simply Amazing. I Was In Town, With A Special Friend And With A Most Crazy Bunch Of People. I Was Stunned By All The Things That Happened That Night, Though It Was Not What I Expected But Definitely, I Felt True Joy. I Could See People Who Showed Themselves True Enough, Not Hypocrites. I Saw People Who Gave Their Best During Every Moment Just So To Show That We Are Not Just A Church Group, But A Family. Even As We Were Praising And Worshiping The Lord In The Middle Of No Where, We Gave Our Best, All To Jesus, We Even Overcame The Sound Of The Drums With Our Faith. Those Blessings, Were From The Heart, Though, It May Seem To Be Not Much But It Means A Lot To Everyone Of Us. Though Its A Start, But Worry Not, It Is Written, God Would Never Forsake Or Leave Us, Thats His Promise To Us. Though We May Stumble And Fall, God Would Never Fail To Pick Us Up. Though There May Be Tears, There May Be Struggles, Is There Not A Tear God Doesn't Sees, Or Is There Not A Moment He Is Not With You Through Your Struggles, Thank God,Amen. DI-Diploma Institute, I Wanna Say, Surely What Have Been Prayed For Would Come To Pass, We Surely Would All Be Disciple-Makers Of Jesus Christ.That Includes, There Would Be Hardship, Moments of Giving Up, But With God, Certainly All Things Would Be Made Possible, Jiayou, Tan Guan Yu Is Indeed A Person Who Has A Flame Burning In Him, This May Seem Small But One Day, Just One Day, This Small Flame Would Turn Into The Biggest Fire You Ever Seen Burning For God, From Now, All Is Left In God's Hands, What Would Happen In The Future, Surely He Has A Great Plan For All Of You, Do Take Care Of Him And Love Him For Who He Is.

God

2010-01-18T01:34:00.001-08:00

He Is My Greatest Source Of Inspiration, Knowledge, Grace, Hope, Strength, Love. My Freedom, My Everything, Jesus Christ.Who Is He To You?

Cherish It

2010-01-14T07:49:00.000-08:00

神的话是我脚前的灯，是我路上的光，是指引我一生的脚步。

First Experience

2010-01-05T06:44:00.000-08:00

Today Was My First Day Outreaching With God At Riverside. It Was Super Duper Dangerous Outreaching There, You Can Die Outreaching There, Hahas! Although I Was Alone Due To The Rest Of The Riverside Team Either Oversea Or Still In Their Classrooms As They Are All Upper Sec, These Made Things Rather Awkward But Thank God I Had The Courage To Outreach To The Peeps There. I Had A Plan For Outreaching And Certainly, That Plan Sure Had Lots Of Loop Holes. Firstly, I Wanted To Outreach Everyday At Riverside But I End Up Finding Out On The First Day, School Ended Early And I Woke Up Thinking It Was Still Early But Yet Receiving An Message Saying School Ended Long Ago, Which I Was Like,WAIKEONG!!YOU CHEAT MY FEELINGS!!XDHAHAHA! Secondly, I Wanted To Wake Up Early And Do Lots Of Stuff!But...LOL..hehehe..Woke Up At 12 Plus, Just Enough Time To Pray And Reach The School..Sad...hahahha. (If You Dunno Why Am I Laughing Like Some Crazy Person Ask My LifeGroup People Or Me..xD)..I Reached The School, Prayed For The Salvation Of The School Peeps And Strength From The Lord. And The Moment Came, The Supposely To Be Only Lower Sec De, Came Out, Then My First Prayer Was, God, Give Me Emo Kid.Amen.xD. Then Really Got Emo Kid Lehh, Thank God, Waa, I Tell You All Arr..Riverside De People Walk Like Superman Like That, I Was Rushing Towards The Emo Kid Not Walking, Hahas, Then Somemore Till The Part Where I Need To Cross The Road Then I Finally Reached The Guy, THEN..I REALISED WAIKEONG CHEAT MY FEELINGS AGAIN. THE GUY WAS SEC4.But Nvm Uhh..Everyone Needs Salvation..I Was Being Really Friendly And The People I Outreached To May Sometimes Reject Me. But I Know One Thing, God Lives In Me, I Have The Courage, Faith And Strength To Go On Despite Anything, I Was Really Happy To Be There Outreaching As I Was Firstly Obeying God's Word, I Get To Serve God In A Way And God Can Use Me, God Rocks, Amen. Anyways, You Guys Know Why I Say Go Riverside Outreach Will Die Or Not, Cause Firstly, You Would Get Heatstroke From The Sun, That Place Is Hot, Because I Am There..xDSecondly, You Would Get Heartattack, Cause Riverside De People All Like Athlete, Walk Like Jog Like That. Lastly, Students There Don't Like To Walk Far To Take The Traffic Light Then Those You Plan To Outreach To One Would Suddenly Run Across The Road Then You Would Cross The Road Out Of Desperation And Need To Watch Out For Car, Next Thing You Know, Contact Gone...HENCE, PEOPLE, CAREFUL ABOUT OUTREACHING AT RIVERSIDE, VERY SCARY DE THE PLACE..But At The End Of The Day, I Just Wanna Thank God For Everything, Pray This Would Happen More Often, Heh..12Contacts By This Friday, Jiayou Thomas:) If I Can Do It So Can All Of You, Lets Jiayou In Reaching Out To Peeps And Never Forgetting Why Are We Doing All These.Riverside Here I Come!

Giving It All

2010-01-04T00:14:00.001-08:00

In Times Of Trouble, Desperation, Depression, Happiness, Struggles, I Choose Not To Run Away, But I Choose To Look To You Lord. I Admit I Am A Sinner And I Admit, That With Human, It Is Impossible But With You All Things Are Possible. I Have Been Struggling These Few Days With My Emotions. But You Know What Lord?I Am Giving All My Life To Keep It From Affecting My Relationship With You, My Whole Life Lord, For You.God, Because I Chose To Look To You In Times Of These Struggles, You Show Yourself More In My Life, Big Plans Goodbye, Small Things That Show You More In My Life, Hello. God, In This, I Wanna Thank You. God In Everything, I Wanna Thank You. The Heart Of Compassion Is Indeed Growing In Me And The Courage To Stand Up For You Is In Me And The Desire To Give All My Life For Your Sake Is Burning. Use All Of Us To Do The Impossible Oh Lord, Theres Nothing You Cannot Do, Amen.

My Saviour

2010-01-01T10:20:00.000-08:00

We Were Created To Be Perfect But Our Sins, Made Us To Be So Imperfect. God Made Us For So Many Reasons, Its Unimaginable That He Would Give The Authority To Allow Us To Decide What Should We Do In Our Lives. Sometimes, These Decisions May Please God, But Most Of The Times, We Seemingly Deceive Ourselves And Make Decisions That Simply Stab God In The Back. Our Emotions?It Adds On To Making The Wrong Decisions.It May Push Us To Serve God Harder, Yet, We Become Slaves To Our Own Emotions And Serve God Out Of Emotions, Not Because Of The Simple Reason, I Choose To Do All These Because, He Loves Me. Its Really Fine Time, We Started Cherishing The Authority, The Love And Everything Given By God To Us, Its Okay To Have Emotions, But Its Not Okay To Be Slaves Of Our Own Emotions. Take Time To Think, When Was The Last Time You Chose To Do Things Because It Would Please God Instead Of Because I Feel Like It, Therefore, I Want To Do This For God. It A Constant Struggle, But What Is Too Hard For Our God.

Pride

2009-12-27T00:09:00.000-08:00

Officially Done With This And That. I Always Had An Issue, An Issue Of Pride. I Might Say This Runs In The Family But, Thats Just A Reason. This Pride Issue Always Stayed With Me From Young Until I Came To Know This Person In My Life, Which Is God. I Am Always So Sensitive To Words Said Around Me, It Hurts Me And I Really Got To Admit, I Do Fall To My Emotions But Slowly, I Came To Overcome This Pride And Emotion Issue In My Life With Christ. Of Course I Prayed And Prayed, And God Answered, He Is Powerful In My Life, Yea. Now People Who Knew Me In The Past Would Say, EHH!Mingxiang, Can You Dun Be So Good Or Not? I Would Just React To By Staying Quiet And Smile In Silence. Despite This, There Are Still Times Where I Am Tested, Those Who Say These Do Question Me About Things I Did. I May Have The Choice To Deny The Things They Say And Of Course Thats A Lie, Or Basically Admit It, Cause I Have Nothing To Hide And I Overcame With My Saviour And Of Course, I Did What Was Right. Just Wanna Say, Christianity Is More Than A Religion, Its A Relationship. A Church Is More Than Reading A Bible And Singing, Its A Movement, A Revolution And Life's Are Being Transformed In Every Part Of The World By Churches. We May Not Be Perfect, But We Got Nothing To Hide Because We Overcame With Christ. Because Emmanuel Lives, We Expect Victory Everything. At The End Of The Day, We Can Say, Devil, You Still Lost In The End. This Is How My Life Have Been Transformed By Life, What About Yours?

Family

2009-12-25T01:31:00.000-08:00

It Is Done. Why Do I keep saying that it is done when this world seems to be so broken up. Truth is, 2000 Years Ago, During a Beautiful night where almost no clouds were to be seen and the Moon and Stars, Countless Shone Brightly In The Skies, A Saviour Came, and He Had A Purpose, And That Purpose Was To, Piece up The Broken World. He died for strangers who did not deserve it. Which God That so many else proclaims exist in this world would Give His Own Child To Die For A Bunch Of Sinners ? This Simply Amazes Me, The Perfect Love Of Christ, Given To Us. “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.”- Isaiah 9:6. From The Moment He Was Born, To The Moment He Died And Rose Again, It Is Done. Happy Birthday Jesus, Sorry For All My Sins and Thank You For Dying For Me, A Stranger, I Love You.

I Know..

2009-11-23T03:34:00.001-08:00

I Know Very Well, Deep Down Inside, You are more than sufficient for me.

Love

2009-11-22T10:32:00.000-08:00

God, Teach Me How To Love Like You Did. So Much So That You Gave Your One And Only Begotten Son That Whosoever Believes In You, Should Not Perish But Have Everlasting Life, Teach Me Lord. There Is No Greater Love Than This.These People Souls Are In My Hands.

First Experience

2009-11-19T07:05:00.000-08:00

WOO!I Finally got a job..been surviving on my parents weekly allowance for sixteen years of my life!But I am super duper looking forward to earn my own money!HAHA!This job is at the legend, which is located at Ford Canning and its super freaking close to OUR CHURCH, Muhaha, its working hours are very flexible and comes with a reasonable pay. And Guess What, I get it every week on tues and thurs, which is like my weekly allowance!NEW CLOTHES AND DEVICES!XD..Awesome thing is the peeps i working with are not graduates and still in secondary school!Thank God. But I Would Pray. Every Single Day, Every Single Moment For Their Sake and of course for me not to break any dish!Very Heavy One Ok?

What A Beautiful Name

2009-11-17T07:09:00.001-08:00

God, Take every part of me and make me the person you would desire. God, You Reigned Yesterday, You Reign Today, You Reign Forever. No matter where we would be, no matter what situation we are in, we know you are there. You know every thought, every action and everything before it happens, reign in our lives God, this sinful generation needs you. Although restructuring happened, some may be sad, some might even be lost about what to do but God, i pray that you would heal the damages done to their heart, let them see it as an opportunity to grow. Anyways, to my Cg, hahas, it has been awesome to know and have fun together, stupid things, fun things, all of them would be stuck in my head, you guys brought me Joy and memories, Nc2 you guys rock!haha, although we may be seperated but we are still connected through the bonds of christ, no matter where we are, we still know we have each other, although you guys may not remember me, but i surely would remember all you peeps for my whole life, Love Ya!Thanks for the memories!

Me

2009-09-28T06:53:00.001-07:00

Desperately Insane.

God Help Me

2009-09-20T07:27:00.000-07:00

Been Praying, Been Crying, Been Sad, Been Happy, But Most Of All, Been Moving On. God knows my every tear, my every thought, my every action, my every heartbeat, he knows me inside out. This is Me People. Theres always a want and a need but the decision lies in our hands, do you really think the things you do are ok? Is your life a life that Brings Joy to God? Is All your decisions feeling Based? If you haven change one bit since you knew God, What The Hell Are You Doing in this church?How Many Times have people told you that you gotta change? Stop Having To See It To Believe It. Start Your Life Now With God, Stop all these Foolish Acts. Stop Being An Hypocrite. Stop Saying And Not Doing It. Stop Letting Devil Have His Laugh At God When You Sin. Stop Bringing Shame To God's Name. Its Time To CHANGE.

Hihi Here to post

2009-09-16T06:14:00.000-07:00

I notice I care more about north c's blog than mine..hahas, But Anyways, i have not forgotten about this blog! Its been an long way, blessings, happiness, Joy, i have found all this, in this kingdom of God, Where would i be without God? If I were to be paid 1 million dollars to change religion, i would change, then backslide from that religion then come back to my church!Teehee, But anyways, I know my identity and what purpose i serve on this earth. Life is a bed of roses, but only with thorns, you would definitely go through sufferings and pains in your life, don't blame God when things do not go your way cause he has given you the best, when does he ever wants to hurt you? It has been always you who hurt him. Everyone in north C is sure trying hard to outreach cause david hoe set a goal for us, which is to reach 40 peeps, soon, very soon, pray that God would place a burden in our heart so heavy that we gotta do something or die!I am really trying my very best to sow and outreach to people but this people Breaks my heart all the time, i want to see lifetransformation!I want to be a witness to God's Love and tell others about it, i really pray that all work would not go to waste, i really pray that the people who believes are of quality, whats the use of quantity if we do not have man and woman of God, and all we have is boy and girl of God?We would only be bringing others to hell if this were to happen.So lets work hard, For our studies and for these people, and never forget God.

He Means It

2009-09-13T10:41:00.000-07:00

How many times have you made decisions out of feelings instead of What God says?countless?How many times have you acted out of anger, at the end feeling guilty and regretful of what happened?countless?How many times have you heard others telling you the mistakes in your life and you carry the ''who cares'' attitute and soon forget it?again?Its fine time we sat down and hear Gods opinion and what God want you to do, don't be the person who hits the wall and start blaming. Be a person who listens and do what God wants him or her to do at that time, he knows best. stop ruining his plan for you.

Came A Long Way But There's Still A Very Long Way To Go..

2009-09-07T07:43:00.000-07:00

Looking back, i sure came long way, so have you guys? Sweet memories, Awful Memories, we still remember them at times, most of all, we have to learn to let go of those who drag us down and make our spiritual walk with God Unstable, Last time, I used to Cry all the time because of lonelyness, then moving on to my close ones hurting me, then to my loved ones and now its you guys, people and the things i do. They say, the ones you love most, would hurt you the most, and surely you guys have hurt me, alot, but, you guys have brought me the most joy, true happiness for the first time in my life. I never realised the true value of life until i started serving God, I realised how Big Is My God And how sinful i was and the world is, I sure Made an 180 degree turn, God transform lifes. Are we doing enough for God? Have we lead a normal christian life or one that is because its fun then i do it, God did not send his one and only son to die upon the cross for us just to let us have fun, he did it to save this sinful world from the devil's hands. Yes, you may have convictions, like YES I WANT TO OUTREACH! But few days later, where are these convictions ? Is that conviction lasting only for three minutes or a few days? Its Time To Wake Up If That Is So. What if Tomorrows the end of the world and Jesus comes back to earth, Are you Ready? To pass through that narrow gate into heaven?No? Or Yes? Wake Up people, No use giving excuses, no use saying but not doing it, if you want to run in this race, give it your best, remember at the end, The people you have saved, the things you have done for God, God Knows. Let Your Everyday Last, Not a Second To Waste, Not A minute To Waste, Cause You May Not Know When This Life Ends.

To You

2009-08-19T06:22:00.000-07:00

Shut Up, thats what i would say, i do not care about the excuses you give, i do not care what they say, cause they are part of the world, you are just giving the devil another reason to laugh at god, Are You Not Aware? Shut up indeed. Stop Blaming God, Stop Complaining and stop what you are doing and turn back to HIM.

What Have You Done With God?

2009-07-30T04:45:00.000-07:00

The Truth I Have Told..
Has Stopped A Class From Their Mistakes
Have Stopped People From Sinning With The Wrong Words From Their Mouth
Has Changed A Couple Of Smokers From Injecting Poison Into Their Body
To Judge Peeps By The Inside Not The Out
Has Allowed People To Realize What Hell Is
Has Allowed Them To Be No Longer Worried
Comforted People Whose Loved Ones Passed Away
Brought Happiness to Peeps
Brought People Back To Gods Love
Transformed Lifes
Lastly, Most Important of All Pleased God.
All It Takes Is For You To Realise The Truth And Do Things With A Simple Heart All For God.

I AM BAPTISED:D!!

2009-07-19T06:40:00.000-07:00

HELLO!The old has gone and here comes the new creation in christ has come!Woot, Now I am Thomas:)Meaning: Identical. Twin. For More, Ask Weekiat Aka.Wikipi.LOL. I Am really broke down by God nowadays, And I really thank God for it, I have not been doing my best for him, i have made commitments in the past, but, it was a 2 minutes or one week commitments, God gave me a wakeup call, things are changing dramatically in my life, I need to study!Any dilligent peeps can guide and teach, i am willing to pay $0 per day xD!Anyways, david hoe is a great example to follow!Man, he is like a zombie, dun need sleep one, LOL, Really pray that i can be a man of one book, I seriously, dunwan to upset god anymore, need to stop turn and walk. Now I have died and rise, I have broken free from sins, yea! Man, my classmates are slowly being transformed by me, due to the lack of sleep every night, I choose to refresh myself by doing my quiet time in the early morning in the classroom, man, I seem to be the only christian in my class, but this bunch of people, they respect my decision of receiving christ and they do ask a lot of questions, curious I guess? I need to save more souls, I dunwan to leave this world with regrets, dunwan to be pulled down by the devil, PLEASE, HELP ME.

Time Just Passes So Wonderfully With You Around..

2009-06-19T12:10:00.000-07:00

Been a long time since i posted?Hahas, Been thinking quite a lot through this period of time, I seem to forget things faster nowadays, they say anointing flows, must be from my ex-shepherd, yup you heard me, sentosa is my ex-shepherd, for now, its joshua?Scary..Anyways, Camp WAS AWESOME!!AMEN? Hahas, really just wanna take this time to thank all of you my brother and sisters, my family, you guys are loving, appreciative, caring, selfless and totally crazy, Thank you guys, I love you all, Hehs, never know where would i be if you guys did not direct me back to god's love, Lets continue to strive hard for God's kingdom and never be beaten down by our greatest enemy!FOR JESUS!!Anyways, I am in a all guys caregroup!!!WOot!!Can Do All the crazy stuff, sentosa don't agree but hahaha, he is in a caregroup with one guy and all girls!!SAD!!Time To Sleep..Insomnia Got Me Hard..Lawls..Hope To Know You All Better, I Am trying my best to step out of my comfort zone to do things i would never do in the past, please help me, Danke:)

God Works In A Mysterious Way..

2009-05-14T05:57:00.000-07:00

Been Waking Up During UnHuman Hours To Meet God..Hahas, I Seriously Need To Do My Homework(Its Stacking Like A Mountain Flooding My Room)My Mom Would Be Like..'' Ah Boy ARR!!WHY YOUR ROOM SO MESSY DE AND WHATS THIS?WHY FAIL!!''(She Used To Call Me Ah Girl Cause She Wanted Me The Third Child Born To Be A Girl, Very Sad..Haha, Three Guys. This Few Days, Waking Up At Like 2plus?Do Quiet Time, Study!!Waa..My Caregroup People Never Study De..All Still Can Play Game..One Play Com Till Like 12plus..The Other One, Say Depend On God..I Am Starting To Get Influence From Them..Today Its Like I Woke Up At 3 Plus? I Studied And Studied..I Could Almost Recite Every Physics Formula, I Was So Confident Of Passing..Until The Exam..I Took The Paper Smiling Then, ALL WENT DOWN!!Wadderh, I Was Like ''I GOT STUDY THIS QUESTION WHY CANNOT REMEMBER!!''I Stared At The Paper..Then Decided To Do Only The Ten Marks Question..Flunk My Physics..Saddening..People..I Think You Should Put Down That Book And Rely On God..It Works Better..At Least For What I Experienced..HEHES,Stop Studying!Get Your Beauty Sleep, Be Eyebags Free..Satans number-one objective is to destroy our joy of faith. We have one offensive weapon: the sword of the Spirit, the Word of God (Eph. 6:17). But what many Christians fail to realize is that we can’t draw the sword from someone else’s scabbard. If we don’t wear it, we can’t wield it. If the Word of God does not abide in us (Jn. 15:7), we will reach for it in vain when the enemy strikes. But if we do wear it, if it lives within us, what mighty warriors we can be!-Not By Me

Forgiveness

2009-05-13T00:25:00.000-07:00

In An Imperfect World, Filled With Imperfect Things, Surrounded By Imperfect circumstances, The Greatest source of joy and hurt comes from you and me. I Get Hurt All The Time, From Sickness, My Results and mostly?They come from people around me. We May run, we may hide, we may put on an mask and say We Are Not Hurt, But it would always be there. Solution?Psalms23 1-6.(The Shepherd That heals my hurts)There would always be scars people, but Remember when you look at it, remember the healer, we might remember the people who caused us pain, but why should we hold a grudge against this people, we want to be more like him, therefore, i say to you, forgive this people for they do not know what they do, and FORGET.

Stop Racial Discrimination

2009-05-01T09:08:00.000-07:00

Still Me(Should Be Opposite)

I Really Dun Understand Why Do I Have To Piss Junlin Off With Racist Jokes Like Roses Are Red, Violets Are Blue, Niggas Are Black, So Are You..But Man, The ArmorBearer Teaching Struck Me..I Promised Myself Not To Make Any Of This Jokes. What Struck Me More Was What I Saw Today..I Actually Saw A Foreign Labour, Stuffing His Money In An Old Disabled Man Wrinkled Hands, Although The Man Tried To Refuse As It Was A Quite Huge Amount, The Foreign Labour Walked A Way.(Anyways, Why Did I Say He Was A Foreign Labour Was Because Of The Construction Helmet He Was Carrying)Anyways, It Was Quite A Sight.

2009-05-01T04:54:00.000-07:00

HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAH . :D

Life Is Never A Bed Of Roses.

2009-04-29T04:53:00.000-07:00

Taking Steps To Live My Life, With That Special Someone. When I Opened My Eyes, A Shining Light Blinds Me. But It Is Not The Sun, It Reaches Deep Into My Sombre Heart. Love Overwhelms Me, The Pain That Muffles Me For So Long, Released By True Love, Happiness Flows Down Now Warmth Filled Cheeks. My Sight Resumes, I See A Stranger, I Asked For His Name, He Said Nothing But Gave Me A Rose, I Took It And Asked Him Why Is There No Thorns, He Showed His Bleeding Hands And Said With Forgiveness In His Voice,"I Took Them Away To Save You From Pain." And I Knew Then..He Was All I Ever Needed In My Life.

2009-04-28T06:26:00.000-07:00

Hey, lol.
Just finish help him make his blogskin.
Thank me thank me. ^^
Jamie here, wahaha.

The New Me?

2009-04-28T05:14:00.000-07:00

I Never Felt Like This In My Whole Life. Never Thought I Would Change. Never Thought There Was This Person Who Could Enamor Me With Such Perfect Love. He Died In The Most Shameful Way To Lift Me Up. My Past Taken A Way, My Heart, My Life, Changing Day By Day, For Him. Amazing Grace Saved My Soul. My Sorrow Taken A Way, Mourning Turned Into Singing. Sins That Blinds Me, The Darkness That Surrounds Me, He Took Them All A Way And Caused Me To See. I Am Not Afraid Of Death For I Am Sure Eternal Life Awaits Me, I Am Willing To Die For You, My God, My Lord And My Holy Spirit. I Leave My Life In Your Hands For You Are In Control.(Isaiah 40:28-31)